Symptoms of a Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD)
Posted on 10/1/2025 by Oral Surgery Specialists of Austin Office |
 Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a term used to describe a group of conditions that affect the jaw joint and the muscles responsible for jaw movement. It can cause pain, clicking, popping, and locking of the jaw. TMD is a common condition, affecting an estimated 10 million Americans each year.
What are the symptoms of TMD?
There are many different symptoms of TMD. Some of the most common symptoms include:
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Pain in the jaw, face, or temples |
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Clicking, popping, or grating sounds in the jaw |
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Locking of the jaw, making it difficult to open or close the mouth |
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Limited jaw movement |
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Tenderness or tightness in the jaw muscles |
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Headaches |
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Earaches |
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Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) |
The symptoms of TMD can vary from person to person. Some people may only have mild symptoms, while others may have more severe symptoms that interfere with their daily lives.
What are the causes of TMD?
The exact cause of TMD is not known. However, there are several factors that may contribute to its development, including:
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Arthritis: This is a condition that causes inflammation of the joints. Arthritis can affect the temporomandibular joint, leading to pain and stiffness. |
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Injury: Injuries to the jaw, such as a whiplash injury, can also cause TMD. |
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Stress: Stress can cause muscle tension, which can contribute to TMD symptoms. |
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Teeth grinding (bruxism): Grinding or clenching your teeth can put a lot of stress on the temporomandibular joint and lead to TMD. |
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Misalignment of the teeth: If your teeth are not properly aligned, it can put extra stress on the temporomandibular joint. |
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Poor posture: Poor posture can put stress on the neck and jaw muscles, which can contribute to TMD. |
How is TMD diagnosed?
If you are experiencing symptoms of TMD, it is important to see a doctor or dentist for diagnosis. The doctor will take a medical history and perform a physical exam. They may also order imaging tests, such as an X-ray or MRI, to get a better look at the temporomandibular joint.
How is TMD treated?
The treatment for TMD will vary depending on the severity of the symptoms and the underlying cause. In some cases, the symptoms may go away on their own. However, if the symptoms are severe or do not improve with self-care, treatment may include:
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Oral care: This may include avoiding chewing gum and hard candy, using a soft toothbrush, and practicing good oral hygiene. |
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Muscle relaxation techniques: These techniques can help to reduce muscle tension and pain. |
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Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can help to reduce pain and inflammation. In some cases, stronger medications, such as muscle relaxants or anti-depressants, may be prescribed. |
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Oral appliances: Oral appliances, such as mouth guards or splints, can help to protect the temporomandibular joint and reduce pain. |
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Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help to improve jaw movement and reduce pain. |
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Surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to correct a structural problem with the temporomandibular joint. |
How can I prevent TMD?
There are a few things you can do to help prevent TMD, including:
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Practice good oral hygiene: Brush your teeth twice a day and floss daily. |
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Avoid chewing gum and hard candy: Chewing gum and hard candy can put a lot of stress on the temporomandibular joint. |
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Use a soft toothbrush: A hard toothbrush can irritate the gums and contribute to TMD. |
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Manage stress: Stress can contribute to muscle tension, which can worsen TMD symptoms. |
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Maintain good posture: Poor posture can put stress on the neck and jaw muscles, which can contribute to TMD. |
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See a dentist regularly: Regular dental checkups can help to identify and treat early signs of TMD. |
If you are experiencing symptoms of TMD, it is important to see a doctor or dentist for diagnosis and treatment. With proper treatment, most people with TMD can find relief from their symptoms and return to their normal activities.
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